{"id":46781,"date":"2025-09-07T08:27:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T05:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/?p=46781"},"modified":"2025-09-07T08:27:34","modified_gmt":"2025-09-07T05:27:34","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0648\u064f\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u06423 \u0622\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2025 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629:
\n“\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629”
\n“Administrative Custom in Public Service \u2013 A Comparative Study”
\n\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647.
\n\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646:
\n\u00b7 \u0623. \u062f. \u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b)
\n\u00b7 \u0623. \u0645. \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b)
\n\u00b7 \u0645. \u062f. \u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b)
\n\u00b7 \u0623. \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b)
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0648\u064f\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u06423 \u0622\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2025 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629: “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629” “Administrative Custom in Public Service \u2013 A Comparative Study” \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 [\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":46783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-4"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46781"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50542,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46781\/revisions\/50542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/rights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}