{"id":63447,"date":"2025-08-28T22:43:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T19:43:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/?p=63447"},"modified":"2025-08-29T15:44:34","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T12:44:34","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/%d8%a3%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 28 \u0622\u0628 2025\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8221; \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (AISI 446) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (Rotational Fatigue).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a (Sliding Wear).<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Cyclic Oxidation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a 65%\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40%\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 : \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u2013 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062f. \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062f. \u0647\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n<p>\u062f. \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062f. \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062e\u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643) .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631) .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a (\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a) .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 28 \u0622\u0628 2025<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-medium wp-image-63448\" src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-300x221.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20300%20221%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-200x148.jpg 200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-400x295.jpg 400w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-600x443.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-800x590.jpg 800w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70-1200x885.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/1-70.jpg 1280w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-medium wp-image-63449\" src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-300x221.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20300%20221%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-200x148.jpg 200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-400x295.jpg 400w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-600x443.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-800x590.jpg 800w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41-1200x885.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/2-41.jpg 1280w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-medium wp-image-63450\" src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-300x221.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20300%20221%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-200x148.jpg 200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-400x295.jpg 400w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-600x443.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-800x590.jpg 800w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39-1200x885.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/3-39.jpg 1280w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-medium wp-image-63451\" src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-300x221.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20300%20221%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-200x148.jpg 200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-400x295.jpg 400w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-600x443.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-800x590.jpg 800w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37-1200x885.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/4-37.jpg 1280w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-medium wp-image-63452\" src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-300x221.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20300%20221%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-200x148.jpg 200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-400x295.jpg 400w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-600x443.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-800x590.jpg 800w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36-1200x885.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/5-36.jpg 1280w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-medium wp-image-63453\" src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-300x221.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20300%20221%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27221%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-200x148.jpg 200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-400x295.jpg 400w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-600x443.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-800x590.jpg 800w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35-1200x885.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2025\/08\/6-35.jpg 1280w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 28 \u0622\u0628 2025\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8221; \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (AISI 446) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (Rotational Fatigue). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a (Sliding Wear). \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Cyclic Oxidation). \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a 65%\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/%d8%a3%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7\/\"> [\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":63454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2","category-5"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63447"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63455,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63447\/revisions\/63455"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomosul.edu.iq\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}