College of Law

On Wednesday, December 3, 2025, at the College of Law, University of Mosul, a PhD dissertation was defended by student Radwan Abdullah Hamed Al-Rubaie, entitled:

“The Legal Framework for the Operation of Electronic Medical Robots – A Comparative Study.”

The dissertation was supervised by Professor Dr. Raeda Mohammed Mahmoud Al-Najmawi.

The dissertation addressed the rapid development in the field of medical robots as one of the most prominent applications of artificial intelligence in the health sector. It also examined the resulting need for a legal framework to regulate the operation of these robots and define legal liability arising from their errors or malfunctions, especially given the expectation that medical robots will replace many doctors and surgical teams in the near future.

The dissertation aimed to assess the adequacy of existing legislation in addressing emerging legal challenges and to draw on international experiences to arrive at solutions that are compatible with the national legislative environment and the requirements of modern medical practice. The discussion committee consisted of:

• Prof. Dr. Duha Mohammed Saeed – Chairperson

• Prof. Dr. Dhunoon Younis Saleh – Member

• Prof. Dr. Habib Idris Issa – Member

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Nizar Hazem Mohammed – Member

• Asst. Prof. Dr. Fathi Ali Fathi – Member

• Prof. Dr. Raeda Mohammed Mahmoud – Member and Supervisor