College of Education for Pure Science

PH.D. Dissertation Viva in the College of Education for Pure Science entitled ” Evaluation of Physiological and Histological Variables of the Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Melatonin Against the Side Effects of Anti-Cancer Drugs in Albino Rats “The College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, has done the PH.D. Dissertation Viva entitled ” Evaluation of Physiological and Histological Variables of the Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Melatonin Against the Side Effects of Anti-Cancer Drugs in Albino Rats “,On Thursday, November 24, 2022, the respected Dean of the College, Assistant Professor Dr. Qais Ismail Ibrahim, the Honorable Scientific Associate and Administrative Associate, the Honorable Head of the Department of Biology, and a number of the college’s teachers were attended the viva. This study, presented by the PH.D. Student Salwan Wadalla Yousif Mahmoud in the Department of Biology, dealt with the evaluation of some physiological and histological variables of the exogenous melatonin hormone, which is a powerful antioxidant hormone at a concentration of 10 mg / kg of body weight against the side effects induced by the anti-cancer drug Gemcitabine, which is one of the cytotoxic agents at concentrations 50 and 25 mg / kg of body weight on white rats, The study included two axes, the first is physiological, biochemical, and the second is histological, where the first axis dealt with the evaluation of some clinical signs that were observed during the experiment with the measurement of animal weights, where the weights of the animals decreased significantly at the level of probability (P ≤ 0.05) in the groups treated with gemcitabine compared with the control and melatonin groups, there was also a slight improvement in weight in the rest of the groups treated with melatonin with the group gemcitabine, caspase-3 enzyme of the programmed cell death process, and some indicators of inflammation were measured, which are the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), the number of total white blood cells, lymphocytes and granulocytes, as well as the CBC complete blood picture. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes including catalase CAT, glutathione GSH, malondialdehyde MDA and peroxynitrite radical ONOO were measured. Liver enzymes were measured aspartate aminotransferase AST, ALP and alkaline phosphatase ALT. Some indicators of kidney function were measured, which included urea and creatinine, and some biochemical indicators such as the amount of total fat, protein and glucose were measured. As for the histological axis, it was represented by evaluating the histopathological effects caused by the drug gemcitabine in both concentrations and the role of melatonin in reducing these pathological changes. The results of the study showed the ability of melatonin to have a protective and curative effect in groups treated with it compared to groups treated with gemcitabine in both concentrations, where there was a significant decrease at the probability level (P≤0.05) in caspase-3 enzyme and CRP value, and the blood picture of CBC improved, and a significant increase also occurred at The level of probability P≤0.05 in the blood parameters including white blood cells of all types also increased significantly the level of oxidative enzymes GSH, CAT and significantly decreased the level of MDA and peroxynitrite radical and decreased significantly at the probability level P≤0.05 the level of liver enzymes in the groups treated with melatonin, which included ALP , ALT, AST, as well as the level of Creatinine and Urea also significantly decreased at the probability level (P≤0.05) the amount of total fat and glucose with the groups treated with melatonin, and the amount of total protein increased, which indicates the preventive and curative ability of melatonin to reduce the collateral damage caused by the drug gemcitabine.As for the results of the histological study, melatonin showed its ability to reduce the histopathological changes caused by the drug gemcitabine at both concentrations 25 and 50 mg/kg on the liver and kidney organs, which were represented by the occurrence of necrosis and congestion in the blood vessels and the occurrence of cases of bleeding, infiltration of inflammatory cells, cloudy degeneration and congestion of the sinusoids at this level. In hepatocytes, these effects were more severe and severe at the dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight. On the level of kidney tissue, the histopathological study showed that many changes occurred in the groups treated with gemcitabine at both concentrations 25 and 50 mg / kg of body weight, and these changes were more Acuteness in the group treated with a concentration of 50 mg / kg of body weight with gemcitabine drug, as these changes included the occurrence of expansion, congestion and degeneration of the renal tubules, thrombosis and bleeding in the blood vessels with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitial tissue of the kidney. When using melatonin at a concentration of 10 mg / kg of body weight, we notice fewer changes and pathological effects and their lightness compared to groups treated with gemcitabine alone, which confirms the preventive and curative role of melatonin in protecting blood and tissues from damage and effects caused by gemcitabine.The Viva committee was chaired by Prof. Dr. Asmaa Abdul Aziz Ali University of Mosul / College of Education for Pure Science and the membership of Prof. Dr. Sahib Jumaa Abdel Rahman/Kirkuk University / College of Education for Pure Science, Asst. Prof. Dr. Ashwaq Ahmed Hasan/ University of Mosul / College of Veterinary Medicine, Asst. Prof. Dr. Elham Abdalla Ali University of Mosul / College of Science, Asst. Prof. Dr. Rashid Khamis Shaban Tikrit University / College of Education for Pure Science and under the supervision and membership of both Prof. Dr. Ghada Abdel Rahman Abdul Latif University of Mosul/ College of Dentistry and Prof. Dr. Ameer Mahmmod TahaUniversity of Mosul/ College of Education for Pure Science.