A nuclear incident directly due to an act of armed conflict, hostilities, civil war, insurrection, or…”

2. Although the original concept of nuclear damage in both conventions was limited to loss of life or personal injury and loss or damage to property, its scope has expanded to include environmental damage and purely economic loss resulting from nuclear damage. The 1997 Vienna Amendment Protocol expanded the concept of nuclear damage to include economic loss resulting from loss or injury, the costs of measures to restore a distorted environment, loss of income arising from an economic interest, and the costs of preventive measures.

3. Liability is directed solely at the operator of the nuclear facility (“nuclear installation”) in accordance with Article 3 of the Paris Convention, which states that “The operator of a nuclear installation shall be liable, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention…”

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