The University of Defense Journal, in its 7th issue for the year 2025, has published a scientific research paper by Assistant Lecturer Fanar Imad Khalil, a faculty member in the Department of International Relations at the College of Political Science – University of Mosul. The paper is titled: "The Impact of Fourth-Generation Warfare in the African Continent – Private Military Companies as a Model." The objective of the research is to shed light on the contemporary security challenges facing the African continent amid the rise of fourth-generation warfare, particularly focusing on the role of private military companies as one of the [Read More]