The Department of Physics at the College of Science, University of Mosul, discussed on Sunday, 19 April 2026, a Master’s thesis entitled: “The Effect of the Air Gap Between Electrodes on the Hemispherical Energy Analyzer” submitted by Mr. Miqdad Nayef Ghaib. The thesis focused on investigating the impact of variations in the air gap between electrodes on the efficiency and performance of the Hemispherical Energy Analyzer (HEA), a highly precise instrument widely used in the analysis of charged particles. The findings demonstrated that this geometric parameter is a key factor in achieving an optimal balance between measurement accuracy and instrument transmission. [Read More]